Chronotherapy in Neuromodulation: The Importance of a Clock for Personalized Medicine, Device Optimization, and Adaptive and Closed-loop Neurostimulation Strategies

This session explores how aligning neuromodulation therapies with individual circadian rhythms (chronotherapy), thus tailoring interventions based on a patient's chronotype, can enhance therapeutic outcomes. We will bring together experts in chronobiology, clinical neuromodulation, and implantable neurotechnology to present emerging evidence and discuss practical strategies for integrating circadian insights into neurotech applications. Attendees will gain a deeper understanding of how the timing of interventions-whether pharmacological or electrical, peripheral or central-can modulate neural function more effectively when synchronized with endogenous biological clocks. Discussions will include how to integrate circadian biomarkers into closed-loop systems, evidence for time-of-day effects in brain stimulation, and strategies to personalize therapy timing based on patient chronotypes. This session will catalyze innovation in timing-aware neuromodulation strategies.